Add analyze command for static query analysis

[kyleconroy]

Summary

Adds a new sqlc analyze command that analyzes a query against a schema and outputs the inferred result columns and parameters as JSON.

Like sqlc parse, it's a standalone command — no configuration file required and no database connection. It drives sqlc's native static analysis (the catalog-based compiler) to infer types directly from the provided schema, supporting the postgresql, mysql, and sqlite dialects.

sqlc analyze --dialect postgresql --schema schema.sql query.sql

• --dialect / -d — postgresql, mysql, or sqlite (required)
• --schema / -s — path to the schema file (required)
• query file — positional argument, or piped via stdin

Example

Given schema.sql:

CREATE TABLE authors (
  id   BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  name text      NOT NULL,
  bio  text
);

and the query -- name: GetAuthor :one / SELECT id, name FROM authors WHERE id = $1;:

[
  {
    "name": "GetAuthor",
    "cmd": ":one",
    "columns": [
      { "name": "id",   "data_type": "bigserial", "not_null": true, "is_array": false, "table": "authors" },
      { "name": "name", "data_type": "text",      "not_null": true, "is_array": false, "table": "authors" }
    ],
    "params": [
      { "number": 1, "column": { "name": "id", "data_type": "bigserial", "not_null": true, "is_array": false, "table": "authors" } }
    ]
  }
]

Output format alignment

This also aligns sqlc parse and sqlc analyze on a single-document JSON output. parse previously emitted one JSON object per statement (newline-delimited), which is not parseable as a single document; it now emits a single JSON array of statements, matching the array analyze produces.

Note: changing parse's output is a behavior change to an existing command, but it has no tests or golden files, and the previous newline-delimited form was not valid as a single JSON document.

Implementation

• internal/cmd/analyze.go (new) — the command, with small serializable output structs (analyzedQuery / analyzedColumn / analyzedParam) so internal AST types aren't dumped raw. Schema/query parse errors are unwrapped from multierr.Error and reported with file:line:col locations. Stdin (when no file arg is given) is written to a temp file so the compiler can read it, mirroring parse.
• internal/cmd/parse.go — emit a single JSON array of statements.
• internal/cmd/cmd.go — register analyzeCmd and its --dialect / --schema flags.

Testing

Manually verified across all three engines and the error/stdin paths:

• PostgreSQL — SELECT * expansion, RETURNING *, params, and nullability resolved from the schema
• SQLite — column types and NOT NULL inferred correctly
• stdin — query piped in works; empty input gives a clear error
• errors — unknown column reported as bad.sql:2:8: column "nonexistent" does not exist (exit 1); missing --dialect gives a clear message
• parse output now loads as a single JSON array

go build ./... and go vet ./internal/cmd/ are clean.

https://claude.ai/code/session_01Wyz9n2TDrUMXT2LMk7qjgV

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